Battle of Nechtansmere, Northumbrian Invasion of Scotland Defeated by Pictish King Bruide

The Battle of Dunnichen (Welsh Linn garan) or Battle of Nechtansmere was fought between the Picts and Northumbrians on May 20, 685, near Forfar, Angus. It ended in a decisive Pictish victory and severely weakened Northumbrias power in northern Britain.

The Northumbrians had been gradually extending their territory to the north, their constituent kingdom of Bernicia having captured Edinburgh from the Gododdin around 638. For the next thirty years they established political dominance over the Kingdoms of Strathclyde and Dál Riata, as well as Pictish Fortriu.

King Ecgfrith of Northumbria invaded lands held by the Picts in 685, apparently to stop them from raiding to the south. They met in battle on May 20 near Dunnichen; the Picts pretended to retreat, drawing the Northumbrians into the swamp of Dunnichen. The Pictish King Bridei III killed Ecgfrith and destroyed his army and enslaved many of the survivors. After the battle, Northumbrias influence never again extended past the Firth of Forth.

Little is known about the actual battle; it was briefly described by the Venerable Bede in the 8th century.